A condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes. It represents an intermediate stage between normal glucose metabolism and diabetes.
Diagnosis
Blood tests:
- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test: 100-125 mg/dL
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 140-199 mg/dL
- Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test: 5.7-6.4%
Risk Factors
- Family history of diabetes
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Unhealthy dietary habits
- Obesity or overweight
Complications
- Elevates the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and raises the risk of cardiovascular ailments like heart disease and stroke. Additionally, it may result in health complications such as kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision impairment
Management
Lifestyle modifications:
- Dietary changes
- Regular physical activity
- Weight management
- Stress management, adequate sleep, smoking cessation.
Prevention:
- Public health campaigns promoting healthy lifestyles.
- Community-based interventions targeting at-risk populations.
- Encouraging physical activity and healthy eating.
Healthcare provider involvement:
- Conducting screening assessments for individuals at risk.
- Delivering personalized interventions and education on lifestyle modifications.
- Monitoring and follow-up to track and adjust interventions as needed.
Importance of Early Intervention:
- Early detection
- Lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions
- Reduce the risk of long-term risk associated with diabetes and prediabetes
Prediabetes is a crucial stage indicating elevated blood sugar levels and heightened risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues. Early detection and lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, are key to preventing its progression. Public awareness and healthcare interventions are vital in mitigating its impact on individual health and healthcare systems.
