What is Uveitis?
It is an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This layer includes the iris (the colored part of the eye), choroid (which helps the lens focus), and ciliary body (which contains muscles behind the iris).
Uveitis can cause eye pain, redness, and cloudy vision.
If it is not treated, it can lead to vision loss and other complications. It can affect one or both eyes and can be either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
Types of Uveitis
There are four main types of uveitis, each affecting different parts of the uvea:
- Anterior Uveitis (Iritis): This is the most common form and affects the front part of the eye, primarily the iris.
- Intermediate Uveitis: includes vitreous (inflammation of the vitreous cavity) and pars planitis (a type of intermediate uveitis with no underlying cause).
- Posterior Uveitis: Includes inflammation of the retina and choroid at the back of the eye.
- Panuveitis: Involves inflammation of all layers of the uvea, potentially affecting the lens, retina, optic nerve, and vitreous and leading to severe vision problems and blindness.
Symptoms of Uveitis
Symptoms of uveitis can appear suddenly or gradually and may include:
- Floaters (spots or chains of transparent bubbles in vision)
- Eye pain and redness
- Blurred or cloudy vision
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- Headaches
Without treatment, uveitis can lead to severe complications like cataracts, glaucoma, and permanent vision loss.
Causes and Risk Factors
Uveitis can result from infections, autoimmune disorders, or eye injuries.
Females are more prone to developing uveitis than males.
Diagnosis and Treatment
An eye doctor can diagnose uveitis through an eye exam using a slit lamp.
Treatment varies by type:
- Anterior Uveitis: Eye drops to widen the pupil, reduce pressure.
- Intermediate and Posterior Uveitis: Implants, or oral forms, along with antivirals, and antibiotics.
Regular monitoring and following medical advice can significantly reduce the risk of permanent vision loss.
If you experience any symptoms of uveitis, consult your doctor immediately to prevent potential vision loss and manage the condition effectively.
