Sinusitis is the inflammation of the sinuses and nasal passages, often leading to discomfort and other symptoms. The sinuses are small air pockets located between the eyes, behind the forehead, nose, and cheekbones. Sinusitis can result from structural issues or infections, and the terms “sinusitis” and “sinus infection” are often used interchangeably.
Symptoms of Sinusitis
Sinusitis symptoms are similar to those of a common cold and may include:
- Decreased sense of smell
- Fever
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Headache from sinus pressure
- Fatigue
- Cough
In children, symptoms may include persistent cold symptoms, allergy symptoms unresponsive to medication, a lingering cough, high fever, and thick green or yellow mucus.
Risk Factors
Anyone can develop sinusitis, but certain conditions increase the risk:
- Structural nasal issues (deviated septum, nasal bone spur, nasal polyps)
- Weakened immune system
- History of allergies
- Upper respiratory infections
- Cystic fibrosis
- Exposure to mold or tobacco smoke
- Dental infections
- Frequent airplane travel
Sinusitis often occurs when mucus blocks the sinus openings, leading to bacterial growth and infection.
Diagnosis
A doctor diagnoses sinusitis based on symptoms and a physical exam, checking for tenderness and inflammation. For chronic cases, imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used. Nasal endoscopy and culture testing can further identify the cause.
Treatment
Most sinusitis cases, caused by viral infections, do not require treatment. To alleviate symptoms:
- Use a warm, damp cloth on the face to relieve pain
- Perform nasal saline rinses
- Stay hydrated
- Use a humidifier
Consider OTC nasal corticosteroid sprays and pain medications.
For persistent bacterial infections, antibiotics may be necessary. If symptoms do not improve, an ear, nose, and throat specialist may be consulted. In severe cases, surgery might be needed to clear the sinuses, repair a deviated septum, or remove polyps.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of sinusitis:
- Get an annual flu shot.
- Eat a nutritious diet.
- Wash hands regularly.
- Avoid smoke, chemicals, pollen, and other irritants.
- Take antihistamines for allergies.
- Avoid close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections.
Complications
Untreated sinusitis can lead to serious complications, such as abscesses, meningitis, or orbital cellulitis.
With proper treatment, most people recover from sinusitis without complications. By following preventative measures, you can reduce the risk of developing sinusitis and maintain better sinus health.
